Reverse sneezing (aka: Pharyngeal Gag Reflex or Mechanosensitive Aspiration Reflex) is a sudden, rapid and extreme forceful inhalation of air through the nose causing the dog to make repeated snorting noises, which may sound like he is choking. It sounds like the dog is trying to inhale a sneeze, and it is therefore known as reverse sneezing.

Reverse sneezing is often caused by irritation of the palate/laryngeal area. It causes a spasm in the muscles of the pharynx, which induces him to make rapid inspirations, stand still with his elbows spread apart, extend his head, and his eyes may bulge. He’ll make loud snorting or gasping sounds, which might make you think he has something caught in his throat. Many dog owners think their pet is suffocating during a reverse sneeze episode. Each reverse sneezing occurrence generally lasts for less than a minute up to two minutes.

Any age, breed or sex can be affected. A reverse sneeze may look disturbing – many people fear that their dog is not breathing during these episodes – but it is not a harmful condition and there are no ill effects. Reverse sneezing attacks are generally quite brief and not life threatening. Between episodes, the dog acts normal.

In some situations when reverse sneezing is frequent, a more serious condition may be the underlying cause. In those situations, testing for nasal mites and/or nasal cancer should be done.

An episode can be stopped if the dog is stimulated to swallow by either massaging the throat or briefly pinching off the nasal openings. Sometimes opening the dog’s mouth and gently pulling on the dog’s tongue or giving the dog something to eat and drink can also stop the reverse sneezing episode. Some dogs have reverse sneezing episodes so frequently that various medications may be needed to reduce their frequency.

The pharyngeal spasm can be caused by a number of irritants, including dust / pollen and/or household chemicals. Some dogs launch an episode after eating, drinking or running around. Sometimes even pulling on their leash (collar) will bring on an episode.

If this behavior becomes more and more frequent and the episodes worsen, a trip to your vet may be in order to discuss other possible causes including viral infections, polyps, excessive soft palate tissue, and nasal mites. Also, watch for other abnormal signs that may suggest a more serious problem including nasal discharge, epistaxis (bloody nose), sneezing, difficulty breathing, abnormal facial deformity over the nose area, decreased appetite and/or lethargy.